Events in bars and clubs Essay

Another source of competition is how an event may have to source out its resources through sponsorship; this means that the event will be marketed to potential sponsors that will believe that the event will create a significant leverage to the company’s own marketing initiative. Hence, it is also important to stress to the potential sponsors the benefits of the event. This is discussed by Mack in which the author pointed out that (25):â€Å"[†¦ ] sponsorship allows organizations to reach their target market with less clutter than other communications methods, exposes the product/service directly to the market, and provides an excellent mechanism for the organization to give back to the community by which it is supported. Event sponsorship, or sponsorship marketing, refers to supporting various types of event [..] Whether the type of sponsorship is financial, media, or in-kind support (Cicora 1991), the list of company benefits derived from it can range from publicity, to product sales, image enhancement, or even improved employee morale (Decker 1991). In addition to getting sponsors, companies that are about to hold an event should also take into consideration its capabilities (Silvers). These include the ability to handle the demands of the event and the ability to have the resources. It is also important to have the ability to know how to handle different events; for instance, a bar that may be holding a fundraising concert may be faced with different challenges if organising a battle-of-the-bands. As Silvers pointed, although the core processes of these two events are the same, it should be noted that one of the important elements in events management is the ability to handle the differences in the requirements of different events. All in all, the events management concept can be considered as an important marketing activity in which an establishment or company is able to communicate certain initiatives to the public (Soares). Hence, events serve as an attractor especially if the company utilises popular channels such as concerts, dance events and exhibits,among others; these venues fulfil the curiosity, the wants and needs of the people which is why events continue to be patronised throughout time. Many enterprises venture into the nightlife sector by means of establishing bars and clubs. As Chatterton and Hollands discussed, the demand for these establishments is that these have been a part of the urban landscape; there is always the market among the youth, specifically the young professionals, who are â€Å"in search for the latest cool, chic, fashionable bar or club† (3). Because of this, it can be said that there is business in this industry, especially with the continuous influence of the entertainment and leisure sector. The nightlife scene which comprises of establishments such as bars and clubs can be also said to contribute to the local tourism initiatives (Chatteron & Holland). The success of any bar or club requires a significant understanding of the business especially in the aspect of strategy. Lawson provides many guidelines in the success of any club or bar including a good understanding on food service operations (which is a fundamental in any bar or club), the facilities, the design, the themes, and last but not the least, the business aspects. Lawson therefore emphasised the business framework of these bars and clubs which are heavy in the marketing practice; this is because this is a means for companies to get customers into the establishment. Bars and clubs, therefore, do not just have to excel in the food service operations but also in its ability to add value to its basic concept, and that is, to add event concepts to its entire operations. This is further attested by Smith in which the author mentioned that in order for bars and clubs to succeed, it needs to continuously come up with something interesting; hence, in addition to food and drinks and the regular dance floor or in-house performer, it is the specific events that make these bars and clubs special. This is therefore a part not only in the marketing aspect of the bar and club but also these events help the customers to identify what else they can do in the establishment, or at least, have something to look forward to (Smith, 75). Brown and Miron also mentioned the role of events in the success of any bar or nughtclub; these fall in the aspect of marketing and advertising. When an event takes place, the tendency is that the event is supposed to pull more people into the establishment. Hence, events help in the increase in sales and to make the club and bar more memorable to the consumers.

Research and the Sciences Essay

There has long been an ongoing argument: Is social science scientific? Which approach is better in conducting natural sciences and social sciences? It is believed that ‘hypothetico-deductive’ approach may be applicable to the natural sciences while it does not relate well to the social sciences. By analyzing research from different levels, this essay presents a judgment that social sciences are sciences. First of all, the concept of research and science are given. Secondly, by accepting that social sciences are different from natural sciences, the features that identify social sciences from natural sciences are summarized. There are many choices of approaches to conduct research. In the level of philosophy, research approaches could go to inductive approach and deductive approach. Qualitative research and quantitative research distinguish each other methodologically. In this essay, the different approaches are compared and contrasted after a concise interpretation of the se concepts. And finally, the question better approach to research in natural sciences and social sciences is considered. Research is defined by Join and Keith as seeking through methodical process to add one’s knowledge and, hopefully to others by the discovery of nontrivial and insight (Join and Keith, 1996). Williams defined science as the ensemble of knowledge and practices that best reflect and operationalize a critical attitude to the discovery of the world at that moment in time (Williams, 2000 p.26). Basically, sciences can be divided into social sciences and natural sciences. Social sciences study human being and their behavior, while natural sciences study physical world. The presupposition that natural science is the benchmark of research, in some degree, accounts for why most people associate the word ‘research’ with activities that are substantially removed from daily life and which usually take place in a laboratory. And accordingly arises the doubt whether social science is science. A good deal of overlap and unavoidable duplication will be encountered if any attempt is made to review social sciences and natural sciences  systematically (McErlean, 2000). Yet there are still some typical features in which social sciences are different from nature sciences. Historically and perhaps intuitively, the â€Å"natural† and the â€Å"social† sciences have been identified by distinct subject matters: Natural science is a branch of science which deals with the physical world (Pearsall, 1999 P.950), while social science is the scientific study of human society and social relationships (Pearsall, 1999 p.1362). Invariability of observations is different in two kinds of sciences. The difference lies probably in the number of relevant factors that must be taken into account for explaining or predicting events in the real world(McErlean, 2000). It is agreed that verification is not easy to come by in the social sciences, while it is the chief business in the natural sciences. Measurability of phenomena, whereas physics is clearly ahead of all other disciplines. Natural sciences have got constancy of numerical relationship which social sciences has not got. The social sciences deal so close to a man’s own everyday experience that they do not accord the respect as natural sciences. The field of natural sciences needs higher standards of admission and requirements than the social sciences. On this score, the natural sciences are better than the social sciences (McErlean, 2000). Since social sciences differ from natural sciences in many ways, should different approaches be chosen when conducing social science research and natural sciences? This is another baffling question. Now we will turn to the discussion of deduction and induction. Philosophically the approaches are focused on the consideration of induction and deduction, as well as the relationship between approaches and sciences. Deduction entails the development of a conceptual and theoretical structure prior to its testing through empirical research methods. (Carson et al, 2001 p.11). Induction is the action or process of inducing something (Pearsall, 1999). It is learning by reflecting upon particular past experiences and through the formulation of abstract concepts, theories and generalizations that explain past and predict future experience (Gill and Johnson, 2002). Induction and deduction approaches are different in many aspects. They are best used in different stages of Learning Cycle. When learning takes place, the difference between deductive and inductive approach is that one starts  with theory which tested through observation while the other starts with observation and tries to create theory (Gill and Johnson, 2002). Localization of Induction differs from that of deduction (Carson et al, 2001 P12). Induction might prevent the researcher benefiting from existing theory, while deduction might prevent the development of new and useful theory. In contrast to the deductive tradition, theory is the outcome of induction (Carson et al, 2001 P12). The time needed for induction is often prolonged than deduction B Deductive research is normally possible to predict accurately the time schedules, it is quicker to complete, though the time must be devoted to set up the study prior to data collection and analysis. Deduction and induction carry unequal risk. The deductive approach can be a lower-risk strategy, albeit there are risks like the non-return of questionnaires. With induction it is quite possible that no useful data patterns and theory will not emerge. The effect of deduction or induction is relevant to the ability of researcher. The way one thinks about the development of knowledge affects, unwittingly, the way he goes about doing research (Saunders et al, 2000). So it is more appropriate to adopt the inductive approach if the researcher is particularly interested in understanding why something is happening rather than describe what is happening, Inductive designs begin with specific observations and build toward general patterns. This is different to the hypothetical-deductive approach of experimental designs that require the specification of main variables and the statement of specific research hypotheses before data collection begins (Pattern, 1987). Saunders et al (2000) has shown the main differences between deductive and inductive approaches as can be seen in diagram 1. The blending of Induction and Deduction are preferable in conducting a research. In deductive argument, conclusion follows logically from the premises, while inductive argument, in which the premises support the conclusion but do not guarantee it (Rosenberg, 2000). It seems that deductive is more impressive than inductive. Not only because it is more highly structured and more appropriate for people who are inexperienced in research matters but also because it is the basis of much knowledge that  they do have of the subject (Walley, 2002), But the two approaches are not mutually exclusive. They are â€Å"better† at doing different things. So the balance of both approaches in the same research project is preferable. Not only is it perfectly possible to combine approaches with the same piece of research, but also in human being’s experience it is often advantageous to do so (Saunders et al, 2000). For example: Sadie decided to conduct a research project on violence at work and its effects on the stress levels of staff. She considered the different ways she would approach the work were she to adopt, the deductive approach and the inductive approach. If she decided to adopt a deductive approach, She should standardize the stress responses of the staff. On the other hand, if she decided to adopt an inductive approach she may have decided to interview some staffs who had been subjected to violence at work. She may have been interested in their feelings about the events that they had experienced, how they coped with the problems they experienced and their views about the possible causes of the violence (Saunders et al, 2000). In order to gain more comprehensive results, it is better to combine both approaches. Diagram 1 Emphasizes of Deduction and Induction Deduction emphasizesInduction emphasizes Scientific principlesGaining an understanding of the meanings humans attach to events From theory to dataFrom observation to theory The collection of quantitative dataThe collection of qualitative data The application of controls to ensure validity of dataResearcher is part of the research process Ensure clarity of definitionLess need generalize Highly structured approachMore flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis Researcher independence of what is being researchedDependent researcher Select samples of sufficient size Saunders et al (2000 p.91) Researcher may use a variety of methodology to conduct research. It is said that the concept of induction often is applied to qualitative research (Strauss and Corbin, 1998 p.136) while deduction is applied to quantitative research. Qualitative research is so called because its emphasis lies in producing data which is rich in insight, understanding, explanation and depth of information, but which cannot be justified statistically (Crouch, 1985). Qualitative research usually produces descriptions, explanations and reasons (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). It seeks to answer ‘how’ and ‘why’ type questions (Walley, 1995). The strengths of qualitative research derive from its inductive approach, its focus on specific situations or people, and its emphasis on words rather than numbers (Maxwell, 1996). It may involve statistics but it is not based on statistical significance. It is characterized by the use of group discussions, personal interviews, projective techniques and non-probability sampling (Walley, 1995) .The usefulness of qualitative research depends very much on the skills of the researcher (Gill and Johnson, 2002). Qualitative methods are particularly oriented toward exploration, discovery, and inductive logic. Walley (2002) cited Proctor (1997) as Quantitative research that primarily research concerned with eliciting information which has statistical significance. Its focus is on quantification of phenomena sampling and large scales postal questionnaires. The quantitative data identify areas of focus whist the qualitative data give substance to those areas of focus. Whereas qualitative data can put flesh on the bones of quantitative results, brining the results to life through in-depth case elaborations (Patton, 1987). The patterns displayed in quantitative research can be enriched with the addition of qualitative information (Gill and Johnson, 2002). The  qualitative should direct the quantitative feedback into the qualitative in a circular (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). Thus, recent developments in the evaluation profession have led to multiple methods including combinations of qualitative and quantitative data. Some evaluation questions are determined deductively while others are left sufficiently open to permit inductive analyses based on direct observations. Indeed, there is often a flow from inductive approaches to find out what the important questions and variables are, to deductive hypotheses-testing aimed at confirming exploratory findings, then back again to inductive analysis to look for rival hypotheses and unanticipated or unmeasured factors (Patton, 1987). Sayre believed that: qualitative methods are chosed because of its emphasis on progresses and meanings while quantitative methods are utilized because they substantiate. Actually both methodologies are combined to provide a comprehensive approach to problem solving (Sayre, 2001). The relation between qualitative research and quantitative research are clearly showed below in the diagram 2. Diagram 2 qualitative research and quantitative research Qualitative researchQuantitative research Type of questions ProbingNon-probing Sample sizeSmallLarge Information per respondentMuchVaries AdministrationRequires interviewer with special skillsFewer special skills required Type of analysisSubjective, interpretativeStatistical Hardware requiredTape recorders, projection devices, discussion guides replicationDifficultEasy Researcher training necessaryPsychology, sociology, social psychology, consumer behaviour, marketing, marketing research Statistics, decision models. decision-support systems, computer programming, marketing, marketing research Type of researchexploratoryDescriptive or causal Proctor (2000) In conclusion, the differences between social sciences and natural sciences have been discussed, and the approaches and methods used in conducting both sciences have been compared and contrasted. Social sciences and natural sciences are fundamentally different in many ways, yet social sciences are, beyond all doubt, scientific too. From the view of philosophy, there are inductive research and deductive research. The deductive approach is probably more impressive. Methodologically quantitative research differs from qualitative research. Each approach has its unique advantages and disadvantages. It would be easy to fall into the trap of thinking that one research approach is â€Å"better† than another. Actually they are better in different situations, depending on where the research emphasis lies. It is encouraged to think in a more flexible way about the research approaches and methods adopted. Yet the best policy in conducting research is to blend approaches. So, it is clear that social sciences are sciences likewise as natural sciences. Adopted appropriately, the methodological approach of natural science can be used to study the social world (Williams, 2000). One approach cannot therefore be considered to be better than another in conducting  research in both natural sciences and social sciences. So it is high time to stop arguing about whether social sciences are science or not. Alternatively, to consider which approach is preferable or how to blend them together is what deserves thinking when a research is conducted. Reference Bancroft, G and O’sullivan, G.(1993)Quantitative Methods For Accounting and Business Studies .3rded.Berkshire:McGRAW-HILL Book Company Europe. Carson, D.; Gilmore, A.; Perry, C.; Gronhang, K(2001)Qualitative Marketing Research. London: Sage publications. Gill, J. and Johnson, P.(2002)Research methods for managers .3rd.ed.London:Sage Publications Ltd Greenfield, T.(2002).Research Methods For Postgraduates. 2nded. London: Arnold. Sharp, J. A. and Howard, K (1996). The Management of a Student Research Project 2nd.ed Aldershot:Gower Publishing Limited. Maxwell, J.A. (1996)Qualitative Research Design-an interactive approach. London: Sage Publications Mcerlean, J.(2000).Philosophy of Science-From Foundations to Contemporary Issues. London: Routledge. Papineau, D.eds.(1996).The Philosophy of Science Oxford: Oxford University Press. Patton, M .Q (1987). How To Use Qualitative Methods In Evaluation. London: Sage Publications Pearsall, J. eds.(1999).Oxford dictionary. Oxford :Oxford university press. Proctor, T. (2000)Essentials of Marketing Research.2nd.ed.London:Financial Times prentice Hall Robson, S. and Foster, A. (1989) Qualitative Research in Action London: Great Britain. Rosenberg, A.(2000).Philosophy of Science:Acontemporary Introduction.London:Routledge. Saunders, M; Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2000). Research Methods for Business Students. 2nd.ed Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Sayre, S. (2001) Qualitative methods for Marketplace Research. London: Sage publications. Strauss, A and Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Walley, K. (1995) Qualitative Research-Discussion Paper. Newport: Harper Adams Agricultural College. Walley, K. (2002) Research Methods For The Agrifood Industry. Newport: Harper Adams University College. Williams, M. (2000).Science and social science-An introduction. London: Routledge.

Power and Places Type

We are going to talk about power and places type: -> The power is necessarily an opposition between ruler and a ruled. There are many forms and places of power: Among the places of power, there are the White House, the Buckingham Palace, the Pentagon†¦ ? These places are powerful because they have political and military influence. Government is a governor who exercises his power through institutions such as the courts or prisons In this case, the governed are citizens who obey the laws of the government.But sometimes there is abuse of power,and we see resistances to power, as when there was apartheid in South Africa. Indeed, there was a racial discrimination between blacks and whites. The great figure of the resistance in South Africa was Nelson Mandela: he fought all his life against discrimination against black, he was imprisoned for several years. ==========================================================================Among the forms of power, there is, for example, the pow er of the media.Indeed, the media play a very important role within today's society. Media consists of books, television, movies, music, internet, radio, magazines, newspapers etc * Media have positive aspects: we can stay informed about political, social events very easily, you can have fun watching movies and listening to the music. (Through newspapers, TV, radio †¦) * But media have also bad/negative aspects. Indeed, today, it has become a great weapon to influence the opinions of individuals.For example, electronic media has the power to manipulate information, they can deny certain facts and expose another, they can broadcast in loop a topic to influence the vision of the mass of viewers (the presidential nominee can pay for more exposure on TV†¦) Media display the way of life for those who follows it. So media can influence the dressing manners of teenagers through theirs favorite film actors, etc. For example, children are specifically targeted in the advertisements . We teach them to eat Mc do’s burgers and drink coca cola. We can say that in this case, PEOPLE ARE BRAINWASHED BY MEDIA. In

Improvement of Practices in Teaching Arabic as a Second language To Term Paper

Improvement of Practices in Teaching Arabic as a Second language To Non-Native Speakers - Term Paper Example The paper proceeds to a discussion of the methods used for the action research, as well as a discussion of the data. From there the paper undertakes an involved analysis and discussion of the data and the results of the analysis of the data, prior to a more detailed discussion of the previous papers done in connection with the action research, together with the analysis and discussion that had been completed in the previous section. The paper then sums up the entire discussion with some conclusions and insights on the whole process, as well as the overall integration of the action research mindful of the findings of the action research as well as of future directions that can be undertaken related to the teaching of Arabic as a second language to non-native speakers. All throughout this process there is an eye towards a better understanding of the teaching process itself, from the perspective of both the teacher and of the students on the receiving end of the lessons. There is also a n eye out to being able to generate substantial insights into the data and into the previous exercises, to hopefully come up with breakthroughs with regard to teaching Arabic to such an audience and with regard to drastically improving learning outcomes and student satisfaction levels with the classes. Context This semester I have had a great a opportunity to teach an Arabic class for non-native speakers as students. Some of them even originally came from the Middle East but they could not speak nor write in the Arabic Language. During the time when I was researching a number of activities to help my students learn the Arabic language at the beginning of this semester, I came up with the inquiry method. I asked my students their reasons behind wanting to learn Arabic. There were different types of answers that I received during the inquiry session but the most interesting answer that I received was that learning Arabic is important so that he could become rich. I almost got stunned as to why someone would actually consider Arabic language learning as a way to become rich. On discussion with the same student, I got to know that people consider Arabic as important for getting a decent job which will help them gain wealth in return especially in a country not speak Arabic Language. There was a question I want to ask myself and other people, Am I a good teacher or not? but if I were to ask that question myself and look for an answer in the reputation I have among my past and present students and my student in the present time in the USA completely different on my student in Morocco , and then I believe that I am, on balance, a good teacher because when I was a teacher in Morocco I got a higher certificate from the ministry of education because I was the first and best teacher in Science in 2005, and I received a good and great award from Prince Khalid Al Hussein. Therefore, what this means is my teaching practice results in meaningful and substantive learning on t he part of my students. What and how I should be teaching my students, and how can I measure the degree to which they are learning what I am teaching them? The point is that I am regarded as a good teacher, and I believe that this reputation is not groundless. But, on other hand I want to say I am not in the high level of quality of teaching yet as far as language teaching is

Further study on the previous lecture Term Paper

Further study on the previous lecture - Term Paper Example The wake of a tornado leaves the untold destruction to infrastructure and property in the billions of shilling especially when it strikes cities but in the early detection ensures that there is little or no damage to property. Shearing in the winds especially where air masses converge is one of the formative phases of tornadoes. The convergence happens when cold air meets hot air, and the warm air is forced to rise. The convergence point is called a cold front. The directions of the air masses at the top rotate in the opposite direction to those at the bottom. Rotors can be setup due to the shear in the wind. The rotors refer to cylindrical air masses, which are perpendicular to the direction of the wind. The rotating cylinders may be changed to move vertically. The bottom and top part of the rotors rotate in different directions. Tornados are invisible since they are rotating masses of air and droplets but may be visible due to the dust collected along the way or other visible particles. The winds in the tornado rotate cyclically where the vortex on the south due to the wind direction rotates in the opposite direction to that of the north. As a result, there are two vortices whereby one rotates clockwise and the other anticlockwise. The vortices are, therefore, negative and positive vorticity. The vortex in the cyclone grows into a big cyclonic element in the storm referred to as mesocyclone. A funnel cloud forms when the interior of the vortex spins around. The funnel like cloud formed results in the formation of a tornado. Many tornados rotate in the direction of bigger storm systems and hence have a cyclonic vorticity. A tornado over water is a waterspout. The destructive nature of waterspouts is to ales extent (Pike, 133). They are evident on waters in subtropics. Their speeds are low, and therefore they travel slowly over the water. Their occurrence is evident in the Adriatic Sea and Florida. Their effect on the water cannot reach the measure of a

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling Essay

Alternatives to formal compulsory schooling - Essay Example As Illich claims, almost all high cost educational programs that launched in the US were failure. They could not make any notable improvement in the learning of the marginalized children. A comparison with their classmates who are from middle income families reveals that they have further fallen back. The reasons for the failure of such programs were that the allocated fund, though it seemed to be huge, was insufficient to improve the performance of children who outnumbered the amount. Moreover, the fund was not concentrated only on the poor children; the children from upper class also had a share from it. In order to make such programs a success, the fund must be directed to the beneficiary, allowing them to buy their share to be utilized at their will. In the words of the writer, neither in North America nor in Latin America the poor get equality from universal education. One of the basic objectives of universal education is to provide a child with his social responsibilities. Even after being educated, the mindset of the people is not changed, so, the legacy of compulsory education must be questioned and judged severely. Across the world, especially in the US, the school has an anti-educational effect on the society as the schools deviated from its basic cause for which they were set up. Nowadays, people regard education as very costly, very complex and an impossible affair due to the failures of the schools. The monopoly of imparting education is not bestowed only on schools, but schools discourage other institutions from assuming educational tasks. The Supreme Court Justice William Douglas opines that â€Å"the only way to establish an institution is to finance it† (Illich). This is true in the case of schools that only by channeling dollar away from the parents the schools admit students. In the US, the per capita rate for a school has increased in such a way that for the past couple of years the rate of increase was unbearable. This phenomenon is apparent among the private schools and only rich parents can afford private education for their children. Thus, compulsory welfare may lead to further impoverishment. Obligated schooling divided the society and graded it according to an education based caste system. Societies are considered as castes and distinction is made by the average years of schooling by the members. What is happening in the school is a person learns a given skill with the largest expenditure of public funds that too for the attainment of a diploma which has no relation to any useful skill or job. According to Illich, schools provide neither justice nor learning, because the educators are adamant on a package of instructions with certification. Schools provide links to one’s roles in the society, but fail to make them efficiently play their roles. Aside from this, schools hold back instructions to those students whose every step in learning suits formerly approved measures of social control. Pupils are not given adequate opportunity for enhancing their skills with the help of a right teacher who can highly motivate them without the constraints of curriculum. Skill learning for inventive and creative behavior must be promoted by institutional arrangement, though they are often opposed nature. Schools are performing badly because they fail to distinguish between learning and education. Schools confuse teaching with learning, education with grade advancement and fluency with the ability to speak

Contemporary Human Resourse Management Research Essay

Contemporary Human Resourse Management Research - Essay Example While professionalization of the HR practice has been encouraged through certification programmes such as CIPD, the HR specialists need to add to their attributes to become worthy of the label of being a professional. A model of growth, contribution and enjoyment is what the HR specialists need to focus on. Challenges for the HR specialists Driven by numerous internal and external forces, HR management has expanded its activities from functional and administrative tasks to more strategic functions and aligning its functions and activities with the strategic goals of the organisation. A strategic partner should be able to create a positive impact on the organisation’s performance. The process view of HRM also known as HR system strength or HRS focuses on how the HR function communicates with the employees, not on what it communicates (Rebeiro, Coelho & Gomes, 2011). The HR practitioners are responsible for overall performance in two ways. They shape the skills, attitudes and be haviour of the entire workforce in the organisation which in turn impacts the organisational performance. Again, the HR practitioners can also have a direct impact on performance by creating structural and operational efficiencies which facilitates the organisation to implement strategies consistent with their goals. This approach requires a strategic fit between the HR practices and the organisational strategy for enhanced performance. HRS has a direct impact on improving behaviour. When messages are communicated to the employees in a clear, consistent and distinct way horizontal fit has been achieved. Organisational culture also impacts the outcome of HR practices. Thus, HR practices and their outcome cannot be considered in isolation because several factors contribute towards its success or failure. Realizing the challenges posed by the changed business environment, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) reframed its professional standards and introduced the concept of the â€Å"thinking performer† (Higgins & Zhang, 2009). The â€Å"thinking performer† is an ideal HR practitioner that adds value to their organisation as they are capable of and constantly willing to challenge the way things are executed. The â€Å"thinking performer† is a â€Å"strategic activist† who has the capability to challenge the status quo and demand more from what is currently being delivered by the people in the organisation. CIPD has been attempting to upgrade the personnel management towards strategic issues. This has become essential in light of the fact that most HR practitioners do not engage in strategic issues or challenge how things are being done. However, this too has to be handled in a way that other employees do not feel estranged if the entire focus is shifted towards strategic issues. This is perhaps what Pook (2001) means when he contends that HR development and organisational development are intertwined. People make a n organisation and their knowledge and capabilities are a resource that has to be used for achieving strategically defined results. Much of the business generating activity also depends upon employee loyalty and identification with the organisation. In other words people are both drivers and inhibitors of change and development. Therefore attracting and retaining the right

Credit Card Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Credit Card - Essay Example If the student with a poor credit report is fortunate enough to land their dream job, the weight of the credit report will pull down a portion of their take home pay. They will be saddled with the existing debt, as well as pay higher prices on everything from cars to insurance. Insurance rates are based on a client's risk of filing a claim and the insurance companies adjust the premiums accordingly. A 2004-2005 study by the Texas Department of Insurance found that, "...[I]nsurance loss ratios for people with the worst credit scores are triple those of people with the best scores" (Overview... ). For the poor credit risk this results in higher rates on auto, home, and even life insurance premiums. Yes, even life insurance premiums are affected by a poor credit report because poor credit can damage your health and may result in your death. Endless financial worries and fears of collectors calling can manifest themselves in a myriad of medical problems. Hard to manage credit can cause stress, hormone imbalance, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and even some forms of cancer (Lawrence). The risk is even greater for young women where financial problems are a leading cause of suicide (Khaitova). Easy credit and the lure of the credit card companies can result in a lifetime of misery when out of control finances result in the loss of a student's dream job. When faced with a second rate job and escalating insurance rates, their health begins to suffer. For some, the cycle of mounting debt can result in death or even suicide.

An Exploration of Protestant Conservatism in South Korea Essay

An Exploration of Protestant Conservatism in South Korea - Essay Example The second article is â€Å"Sibling Rivalry in Twentieth Century Korea: Comparative Growth Rates of Catholics and Protestants† written by Donald Baker. The first article examines the growth of North Korean protestant church in South Korea with emphasis on Presbyterian denomination. In the article, the author Kang In- Cheol (157-190) accessed the influence of the protestant denomination and people that immigrated into South Korean republic on the prominent social political conservatism culture that has consistently defined the country from 1950s to date. South Korea has undergone profound political and social changes from 1950 that played a critical part in determining the role of the protestant church in the country. According to Kang In- Cheol (159), the major historical period that defined the protestant church influence on the country’s social political landscape was eight-year duration between liberation and the conclusion of the Korean War. During this period, Sout h Korea recorded unprecedented immigrants from the North Korea. These immigrants constituted the largest proportion of the extreme conservatives that continues to define the country’s social political climate for the last six decades. The Wolnam Protestants was the other most influential conservative group in South Korea (Kang In- Cheol, 163). According to Kang In- Cheol (167), wolnam group originated from the northwest region of Korean peninsula. The group is the most politically conservative inside the protestant church in South Korea. From the first article, it apparent that the protestant groups from North Korea have had a major influence in social political environment of south Korea since 1950s. Several factors contributed to the immense influence and control of the protestant groups from North Korea on South Korean church. According to Kang In- Cheol (185), the large sizes of the immigrant groups and their capacity to reorganize and integrate successfully within the So uth Korean society played a critical role in solidifying their conservative power in the adopted country. The immigrant protestant groups from North Korea capitalized on the growing internal conflict within the South Korean protestant churches to enhance their authority within the country’s religious structure. The ability to network and reconnect with foreign religious missionaries in South Korea enhanced the influence of incoming Protestant denominations in the country remarkably. The networking provided the Protestant Church with necessary funds for expansion and other logistical support that enhanced their appeal and influence in the South Korean society. Moreover, the â€Å"non-regional presbytery† system granted the incoming protestant churches from North Korea and other Wolnam Protestant group significant powers that enabled them solidify their influence in South Korea (Kang In- Cheol 174). Furthermore, non-regional presbytery system enhanced solidarity of the p rotestant churches within and across different protestant denominations. The above-mentioned factors promoted the social and political conservativism associated with the protestant denominations and enhanced their capacity to overcome difficult times that the church underwent when it split into different factions especially in the 1970s. The significant growth of protestant denominations in South Korea demonstrates the tremendous influence that foreign churches possess in the spread of a particular religion. Although political and social environment of the

EXAMINING THE U.K EXPERIENCE OF NATIONALIZATION BETWEEN 1946 AND 1986 Essay

EXAMINING THE U.K EXPERIENCE OF NATIONALIZATION BETWEEN 1946 AND 1986 AND INDICATING WHAT FACTORS IGHT BE CONSIDERED AS RELEVANT WHEN MAKING A DECISION TO NATIO - Essay Example (Cairncross, 1986) The fragmented coal industries were nationalised and so were the railway, steel and telecommunication industries. Utilities were also nationalised by the Labour government. (Tomlinson, 1982; Durbin, 1985) The ideological basis for nationalisation in 1946 U.K. could be summed up in Attlee’s words: â€Å"a mixed economy developing toward socialism.... The doctrines of abundance, of full employment, and of social security require the transfer to public ownership of certain major economic forces and the planned control in the public interest of many other economic activities.† (quoted by Yergin and Stanislaw, 1998 p.27) Tomlinson (n.d.) on the other hand views the ideological basis for nationalisation in the UK as reflective of two different epochs – the 1930s-1940s reflecting the socialist planned economy paradigm, and the 1950s-1970s reflecting a social democratic economic paradigm. Thus, Attlee’s vision of nationalisation in the UK could be categorised under Tomlinson’s 1930s-1940s socialist ideological era. It was held that the fragmented nature of privately owned industries (like the coal industry which then provided about 90 per cent of the UK’s energy needs) were inefficient, had experienced under-investment, and lacked scale. (Hannah, 2004) Nationalisation was thus seen as a medium for pulling together resources and implementation of new technologies on a national scale for the functioning of industries. This, it was envisaged, would result in efficient running of industries culminating in the â€Å"achievement of the national objectives of economic development and growth, full employment, and justice and equality†. (Yergin and Stanislaw, 1998 p. 25; Robson, 1962) Nationalisation was thus also a means for salvaging a non-performing and failing private sector so as to harness resources for economic development. It can be argued that nationalisation became a

Galileo on religion and science Essay Example for Free

Galileo on religion and science Essay Explain Galileo’s attempt to make science and religion compatible, with particular reference to methods of justification. How successful is he? Use Kuhn’s notion of incommensurability to investigate Galileo’s attempt to reconcile the propositions of science and religion. There will always be a battle between religion and science, it is a truth universally acknowledged. Galileo attempted to make the two compatible by suggesting that the truth can only be sought out if the notion under consideration can be accurately tested and if the opposing view can be founded as false. Galileo’s goes into depth about the truth of scripture and the sciences, intertwined with the reason of man, in his letter to Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. Early on in the letter Galileo, infers from St Augustine that the Holy Ghost did not intend to teach â€Å"how heaven goes† rather â€Å"how one goes to heaven†. Galileo interprets this as the underlying basis for the â€Å"common† people to believe that man should not concern themselves with science and that it is against the Bible, and therefore blasphemous. Furthermore this misconception is continued, as Galileo believes that the â€Å"common† people understand the truth in the Bible is largely to do with one’s salvation and other physical things such as whether the Sun or Earth are mobile, are irrelevant. From this Galileo leads on to discuss that â€Å"physical problems† are able to be solved through â€Å"sense-experiences† and reason, as well as the â€Å"authority of scriptural passages† highlighting that either are valid to contain the truth. Galileo argues that God gifted man with the power of reason and logic, so that they would be able to discover and learn about his creation. God did not â€Å"set bounds to human ingenuity† so why should the church impose them, by discrediting and prohibiting some of the greatest work of philosophers and scientists? Galileo had two types of physical propositions: those that are able to be subjected to tests and experiments and those that can only be conjectured about; and these are best left to faith and Holy Scriptures. Galileo did not believe that everything in the universe was known to man, he believed that there were more truths to be discovered. He did not agree that â€Å"free-philosophizing† should be shunned, because the Holy Ghost states that â€Å"man cannot find out the work that God hath done from beginning even to  end†. Galileo is not satisfied by this and urges others to not side with the common opinion of the scriptures, to the point where it blocks logic and reason, and ultimately truth. He highlights this by using the Sun and the Earth: the debate about the still Sun and the mobile Earth, as many come to believe – â€Å"it was most absurd to believe otherwise†. This is because Nicholas Copernicus provided evidence for his claims which were reasonable and logical; that it was â€Å"plain as daylight†. Galileo stresses the importance of not bending the word of God to fulfil ones â€Å"foolish fancies† i.e. one should guard themselves against deliberately misinterpreting the Holy Scripture to suit their own end. The repetition of this (citing scripture to back up their skewed claims) will lead to the inevitable adoption of this understanding and consequently missing the true mean behind the scriptural passages. This is what Galileo means when he refers to as the â€Å"v ulgar† and â€Å"common† people, sometimes misinterpret the holy writings of the Bible â€Å"to fulfil their foolish fancies†. Because of this Galileo advocates the importance for mankind to step away from information that just concerns salvation and to broaden their horizons; most importantly, to not be afraid of the truth. By this he suggests that Holy Scripture and explanations of physical things have their own place in the world and that man should keep an open mind to explore both, because both are valid sources of the truth. He goes on to say that God did not intend for his Word to be misinterpreted like this and the true meaning to be obscured, and this â€Å"sort of abuse† should not â€Å"gain countenance and authority†. However as Galileo stated it is â€Å"more pleasant to gain a reputation for wisdom† without experiments and research than it is to pursue science and produce evidence for these physical observations. Galileo is thankful to God because he does not allow the majority of these â€Å"common folk† as stated above to have all the authority, some learned people too have authority. Galileo is not speaking blasphemy, he is suggesting there is a place for both Holy doctrine as well as scientific doctrine and he attempts to prove this. Galileo is concerned with obtaining the truth about the world we live in, whether religion provides an answer or science. This is evident in the letter when he is discussing the â€Å"celestial bodies† concerning the work of Copernicus. Galileo believes that it would be wholly unjustified to ban  Copernicus’ work after it has been confirmed over the years, he puts it: â€Å"in my judgement to be a contravention of the truth† if this were to occur. Basically Galileo believes if something is true, the basis of the truth either, religious or scientific is equally creditable. He further states that if scientific fact is unattainable, it must be a thing of faith and religion; â€Å"where human reasoning cannot reach† and there â€Å"is no science but only opinion of faith† the truth must be in the Scripture. This is demonstrated in the letter â€Å"whether the stars are animate† or â€Å"whether or not the heavens are spherical†. Galileo believes that ultimately that the science behind a phenomena will equate to the Scripture that describes it; â€Å"the true senses of the Bible† â€Å"will most certainly be found to agree with the proven fact†. He further goes on to admit, that at first the two may seem completely different and closer scrutiny is required. Galileo proves his point further by stating that â€Å"two truths can never contradict each other† ultimately, the religious and scientific, must both be compatible for something to be proven true. The matter of Galileo’s success is dependent largely on his era and the audience. Being a follower of God as well as a man of science and a philosopher, Galileo had to come to terms with both his beliefs and what his physical senses and reasoning told him about the world. He achieved this by describing that the facts produced by reasoning will equal the truth held in the Scripture; both religion and science were correct. However, this was conditional: the Holy Scripture should not be misinterpreted and the notion under consideration should be tested through logic. Following this Galileo, believed that the understanding held by an individual of the Holy Scripture, chiefly relied upon how leaned such a person was and their capacity to understand the true meaning of the Scriptural passages. Primarily Galileo could not disregard the Bible wholly: firstly, as mentioned above he himself believed greatly in God and secondly the people of the time were immersed in the religion from infancy it was to them, â€Å"common† knowledge and the truth about the world. Given this Galileo had to find a solution to please both religious beliefs whilst allowing scientific inquiry and philosophising to occur. As he describe the â€Å"vulgar† and â€Å"common† people may shun his ideas, because they do not accept anything that is not Holy Scripture, and believe Galileo and other scientists and philosophers to be blasphemous. However Galileo attempts to  make sense of this by discussing that perhaps they misinterpreted the Bible and consequently the true meaning (which is compatible with science) is lost to them, that it is beyond their capacity to comprehend. It is remarked by Galileo: â€Å"people who are unable to understand both the Bible and the sciences far out number those who do understand† – perhaps this is Galileo commenting on his own success; that he is only able to reach people if they understand the true meaning of Scripture and are capable of understanding the sciences. Galileo in his attempt to reconcile the propositions of both religion and science, it is evident that he employed Kuhn’s measures of perpetual incommensurability. The evidence acquired via observation is an insufficient basis for theory comparison, due to the inherent idea that perceptual experience is theory dependant. Basically, one’s ability to develop a theory is based on their previous life experiences; whether it be from actual physical events, emotional or spiritual events. All play a role in the development of a theory, which is formed based on how an individual sees the world and what they conclude about it. This in mind, it can be observed that Galileo’s religious upbringing and his adulthood, greatly influenced his views on religion and science. Galileo believed that Holy Scripture and the sciences were compatible; it can be inferred from his letter (as previously discussed) that when human reasoning is unable to provide an answer than it must be left to faith. Extrapolating on this one may conclude that Galileo could be suggesting that the true meaning of science was written in the Bible and God gifted humans with the power to reason, to ultimately find out the truth of the world, of creation. It is this notion that people may find it hard to come to terms with because, it was believed that God did not want humans to discover the truth. However, Galileo questioned (as did many others) why then did God bestow reason and logic on humans? This ultimately drives Galileo in his quest to make religion and science compatible. This reflects the perpetual incommensurability of Kuhn; that one’s background will inevitably colour their perception, as demonstrated by Galileo’s attempt to reconcile religious faith and the s ciences. Reference list All in text citations and all information about this essay were sourced from the following: ATS2867, Thinking about Science Study guide and Readings, Monash University, 1998: 15-30;51-66.

Deontological Vs Utilitarian Ethics Essay Example for Free

Deontological Vs Utilitarian Ethics Essay Kant believed that morality is dependent upon reason, that to act rationally was the same as acting morally. He placed a high value upon duty in determining the moral worth of an action. Kant’s deontological ethics is essentially an ethics of duty or obligation. As such, he claims that the moral worth of an action depends solely on whether or not it was done exclusively from a sense of duty. If an act is done simply because one is so inclined, the act has no moral value. This principle holds true even if inclination happens to be in agreement with duty. To illustrate this point, he uses the example of a truly beneficent person. He says that while kindness to all man is a duty, there are some who are naturally inclined to be kind. He asserts â€Å"But I maintain that in such a case an action of this kind, however proper, however amiable it may be, has nevertheless no true moral worth, but is on a level with other inclinations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gregory and Giancola, 82). When these spread kindness while motivated by their own inclination to be kind, their kind acts have no moral value, because in his view in order for an act to be moral, it must be done for the sake of duty alone. Essentially, deontological ethics says the less inclined one is to perform an act that duty calls one to, the more moral worth the act has. While deontological ethics is completely independent of inclination, utilitarian ethics is in many was based upon it. Utilitarianism is built on hedonism, which is the claim that pleasure is the supreme good for man. The main idea of utilitarianism is that man is naturally inclined to seek pleasure and avoid pain and this natural inclination is to be embraced as it will lead man to the supreme end, which is happiness. Utilitarian ethics says that moral acts are those that promote pleasure and avoid pain while immoral acts do the opposite. In is definition of utilitarianism, John Mills says that as far as possible, pleasure in its highest quantity and quality should be promoted and this for the greatest number of people possible. He says, â€Å"†¦that standard is not the agent’s own greatest happiness, but the greatest amount of happiness altogether†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gregory and Giancola, 92). In my view this means that according to utilitarian ethics, the moral act is the o ne that brings pleasure to the greatest amount of people.

Root Causes of Accidents on Construction

Root Causes of Accidents on Construction The construction industry is one of the biggest industries in the whole world. The contribution of this industry towards the global GDP is enormous. The construction industry is also a potential employment generator and employs large number of skilled and unskilled labors. In UK the construction industry employs more than 2.1 million people and accounts for around 9% of the total employment within UK (Howarth and Watson., 2009). Since the industry employs large number, it also has a significant impact on the health and safety of the people working in it. The process of construction involves various activities such as working at heights, working in confined spaces, manual handling, lifting operations, demolition works and ground works. These all activities involve risks and are very hazardous in nature, so the chances of accidents taking place on construction sites are high. Now in order to reduce the level of risk it is very important to implement proper safety management systems on construction sites. The UK construction industry is successful in many respects. The construction industry in UK has shown a steady improvement in the safety performance after the Egan Report (1998) but still faces numerous challenges with regard to safety on its journey to improve its performance record whilst delivering increased volume and complex construction projects (Howarth and Watson., 2009). According to HSE statistics, more than 200 people are killed at work in United Kingdom every year excluding work related road accidents. In 2006, 30 million working days was lost in UK to occupational ill health and injury which imposed an annual cost of  £30 billion i.e. more than 3% of GDP. As per Lingard and Rowlinson (2005), the construction industry consists of several SMEs and small amount of large firms. These small and medium size firms lack knowledge and resources required to implement safety management activities so the issues related to health and safety are more in small and medium size firms. Eakins (1992)stated that international research confirms that the issues related to health and safety are more in SMEs as compared to larger firms and also smaller firms are poor in implementation of safety programmes. Therefore smaller firms have higher injury frequency rates as compared to larger firms. The Company- Millennium Contractors Ltd. Millennium Contractors Ltd. is a small and medium size firm which has been working in the UK construction industry for the last 25 years. The company has a much diversified work force, employees from different cultural background and of different age group works in the company. Diversity in construction organizations in terms of culture and ethnicity has many advantages but at the same time there are many disadvantages related to it. In the condition of uncertainty and complexity diversity does not fare well which may lead to confusion and frustration. In a multicultural organization it is very hard to arrive at an agreement on a particular course of action, and can result in negative dynamics and cultural clashes. The other main disadvantage of multicultural organization is the lack of coordination and communication between the workers which can be a contributing cause of an accident. Apart from this the company is committed to prevention of injuries and ill health at work place but has failed in promoting an incident injury free culture. The recent record of the company related to health and safety has not been very good. There have been many accidents which included one fatal accident resulting from the fall from height and other major/minor injuries and also some incidents of dangerous occurrences. The main areas of concern for the company have been; manual handling; hit by falling objects; hit by moving vehicles; collapse of temporary structures and scaffoldings. The company was also served with a prohibition notice because of a fatal injury caused by falling from mobile elevated working platform. The companys policy towards health and safety is also not up to mark. The management has been irresponsible in implementing the policies in an organized manner, which has contributed to the main cause of accident. According to Baxendale and Jones as cited in (Kashyap et al., 2005), the majority of the accidents are not caused by the carelessness of the worker but by the negligence or by the failure to control by the management. Moreover the management should be able to judge the capabilities of the employee before allocating the job and the employees in response should be capable of doing the allocated work. Hence with an involved and committed staff a positive health and safety culture can be maintained. According to Cooper (1998), the impact of organizational safety culture not only affects the accident rates but has significant impact on work methods, absenteeism, quality, commitment, loyalty and satisfaction. According to HSE the positive health and safety culture can only be ach ieved through 4Cs; competence- recruitment, training and advisory support; control- allocating responsibility, commitment, instruction and supervision; co-operation- between individual and group; communication- spoken, written and visible (Clarke, 1999). Issues related to Health and safety in Millennium Contractors Limited As mentioned above, the company has failed to implement structured policy towards health and safety, as a result of which there has been regular incidents of dangerous occurrences. The common issues that the company is facing regularly and the legal action that could be taken against the company are as follows. Manual handling The manual handling regulations (1992) defines manual handling as any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force. In effect, any activity that requires an individual to lift, move or support a load is classified as manual handling operations (Stranks, 2006). Manual material handling is one of the most significant risk factors for back problems, whole body vibration, bent and twisted positions (Roy et al., 1999). If proper safety measures are not involved while manual handling of materials, it may lead to injuries and occupational diseases. According to HSE, manual handling injuries are the most common type of occupational ill health in UK. As per Helander (1991), 15% of the back injuries due to manual material handling occur in the construction industry. The main causes of incidents due to manual handling were; The use of poor techniques to move materials. Lack of proper training and guidelines provided to the workers by the management. Lack of communication and co-operation among the workers. The above figure shows the proper method of moving and lifting materials which can be very effective in reducing the injuries caused by manual handling of materials. Legal aspects related to manual handling; Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and regulations 10 and 13 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 states that it is the duty of employers to provide their employees with health and safety information and training. This should be supplemented as necessary with more specific information and training on manual handling injury risks and prevention, as part of the steps to reduce risk required by regulation 4(1)(b)(ii) of the Regulations (HSE). Hit by Falling Object The other main issue faced by the company is hit by falling objects. The small objects like bricks, hammers, nails and tiles when dropped from the height can cause fatal head injuries and other serious injuries to the worker working below it or any other person passing by it as shown in the figure. The main causes of this type of injury were; Poor standards of housekeeping. Failure of management in providing safety nets at heights. Inadequate project planning which leads to inadequate storage of materials. Lack of proper guidelines provided to the workers working at height. Absence of cautionary sign boards. Legal aspects related to hit from the falling object; Regulation 8(b) part 1 of schedule 3, of the Work at Height Regulation, 2005, states that it is the duty of the employer to prevent, where necessary, injury to any person so far as reasonably practicable and also the employer shall provide enough storage space so as to prevent risk of movement of such material. Fall from height The company has a record of one fatal accident resulting from the fall from height. According to the data of HSE in 2005/06 falls from height accounted for 46 fatal accidents at work and around 3350 major injuries. This was the single biggest cause of workplace deaths and one of the main causes of major injury. The workers working at heights are prone to have fatal injuries such as skull fractures. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to provide proper training and guidance to the workers working at height. The main causes of this type of incident were; Lack of proper training and guidelines provided to worker by the management. Negligence and unsafe action of the worker. Inadequate use of personal protective equipments. Lack of planning and supervision. No barrication provided. Legal aspects related to fall from height; The Work at Height Regulation 2005 applies to all work at height where there is a risk of fall liable to cause personal injury. It place duties on workers, employers, the self-employed, and any person who controls the work of others (eg facilities managers or building owners who may contract others to work at height) to the extent they control the work. Hit by moving vehicle The other issue of the company is workers being hit by moving vehicles. This type of issues is very dangerous in occurrence and can cause fatal injury. The accident involved vehicle like trucks. The main causes of this type of incident were; Inadequate site planning Improper signs and absence of cautionary (speed limit) boards Unsafe conditions of working Legal aspect related to hit by the moving vehicle; Section 2(2)(a) of HSWA 1974 states that it is responsibility of the employer to maintain plant and system at workplace, so far as is reasonably practicable. According to Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation (17), there should efficient segregation of pedestrian from vehicular traffic of incoming and outgoing. Collapse of temporary structures and scaffolding The other main issue of the company related to health and safety was collapse of temporary structures and scaffoldings. The incident took place due to lack of inspection. Incompetence of the inspectors to identify risk and hazard involved. Moreover the employer failed to provide the workers with suitable equipment and provide collective measures along with personal protective measures. Legal Aspect: The Work at Height Regulation 2005, Regulation6(4)(b), 6(5)(a,b), 7, 8, 12 and 13, states that it is necessary for the employer to provide suitable equipment, take account of working condition and rigorous inspection by a competent person. Further according to section 2(2)(a) of HSWA 1974, there should be provision and maintenance of plant and machinery at work. Apart from these issues the company was served with three enforcement notices and one prohibition notice by HSE because of dangerous occurrences at work place. The company failed to implement proper structure of health and safety policy due to inadequate management system. Hence for successful implementation of the policy the company should have proper safety management system. Safety Management aims at minimizing the chances of risks, injuries and accidents by implementing risk management techniques and safety management operations, improving the standard of health of the employees, monitoring the operating systems and bolstering the safety measures of an organization. Management practices and documentation In order to reduce the risks of accidents in the company the company should have proper management practices and associated documentation relating to safety induction procedures, tool-box talks, training requirement, accident record book and method statements. The proper safe management practices involve; Risk assessment: During risk assessment, the hazards or hazardous work is first identified before commencement of any work activity. The rating information is then passed on for preparation of method statement, which must be read and understood by every worker undertaking the activity before the commencement of work. Method statement: It is the document that shows or states how an activity needs to be carried out in a safe manner. The statement is usually prepared by a competent person and passed to the principle contractor and the safety coordinator for its inclusion in sites health and safety plan. Site induction and training: The site induction and training is usually provided to the worker before the start of any work by the employer. The workers are informed about the various precautions that are to be taken while working on sites. The site induction includes brief on welfare facilities, brief on site hazards, brief on how to report onsite injury or accidents and the use of PPEs. Accident record book: The accidents that take place on sites are to be entered in this book. Any reportable accident should be reported under RIDDOR, to the site supervisor immediately. Tool box talks: Toolbox  talks  are safety lectures aimed at the construction trade. The lectures are intended to educate workers about creating and maintaining safer work conditions, and attendance is mandatory with many companies. Many companies provide toolbox  talks  in modular form, so that a safety educator has a  curriculum  readily available. The Millennium Contractors Ltd do not have organized structure of management and have failed in implementing the health and safety polices due to which the company is unable to follow safe management practices. Overcoming the Barriers The potential barriers that the company needs to overcome to aim for zero accident policy on sites are as follows; Cultural and language barrier: The company has mixed workforce, workers from different cultural background works in the company now because of ethnic diversity the management might find it difficult to convey all the messages efficiently, resulting in difference in understanding of instructions which may cause problems regarding safety on sites. Fear of change: New ways and methods of working may create confusion and sense of uncomforting amongst workers, leading them to traditional ways of working which can cause some problems related to safety. Therefore in order to overcome this barrier the company should motivate the workers and should train them properly. Difference in education level: Different workers might have studied till different levels in education. It may affect their ability to understand instructions clearly. Conclusion Although the company has vast experience it had failed in implementing the safety policies which are very essential for reducing the risks of accidents. The company has inadequate safety management system which has resulted in several major and minor incidents. An effective safety management system will be most effective if a safety culture permeates the organization and this can only be achieved through communicating leadership, personalizing safety outcomes, engaging individuals in safety responsibilities, improving understanding of safety system and increasing hazard/risk awareness and preventive behaviors. In order to improve the safety management system the Millennium Contractors Ltd must follow these steps which would indirectly help them in reducing the accidents.

Free College Admissions Essays: Mathematics :: College Admissions Essays

Mathematics    I have always enjoyed mathematics from an early age. As I progressed through A-level, I began to appreciate the importance of mathematics in other science and in commercial life. I believe that a degree in mathematics will leave me very versatile in terms of a future career choice. From 1992 onwards, I was selected every year to represent the school for Hans Woyda Mathematics competition between Home Counties schools. In 1997/98, I was captain of the team. Previously, we have reached the semi-finals of the competition. I have also attained three gold awards in the Sharp UK Mathematical Challenge on the occasions I entered. I have also gained a Merit award in the British Physics Olympiad competition.    I enjoy computer programming and am fluent in Basic and Visual Basic. In 1997, I gained experience work with Cable & Wireless at their Mercury One 2 One division. This involved using a Unix based system running in real time with the company's other offices. During this time, I learnt to set-up spreadsheets for the company, requiring macro programming. The aim was to generate weekly forecasts.    The school participated in the Young Enterprise scheme, sponsored by major UK companies. The scheme entails setting up a business organisation with a board of directors comprising of members from various schools. As financial director of Avanti, which manufactured and sold celebratory cards, I was responsible for the company's financial health. The company made a considerable profit (67% net), leading to second position in the local competition. This experience gave me the opportunity to develop my organisational and communication skills. I was also an active member of the 6th form council with responsibility for ordering and monitoring stock for the vending machine.    Since 1994, I have played rugby for the school's 1st XV. I have competed for the school at 200m and recently took part in the 'Tough Guy' competition, an endurance course entailing several months of rigorous training and raising money for charity. I have recently gained my 1st Dan Black belt in Karate.

Essay --

American Author, Edgar Allan Poe, wrote short stories that were completely different than any of the other stories you would hear during the nineteenth century. They did in fact though, have a great impact on people’s lives. Poe’s stories were mysterious, dark and sinister. People credit Poe with the invention of Science Fiction and Mystery genres. Poe had an impact on not only American Literature, but also on many writers through the years and even singers today. Those are some reasons why Poe should and is included in a school’s curriculum. It is said that Poe’s stories and poems were filled with terror, fear, death, murder, insanity, torture and the unknown because Poe experienced a large amount of tragedy in his life. His father was an alcoholic and left Edgar when he was young. Poe’s mother was also out of the picture at a young age due to dying of tuberculosis. His foster mother and his wife also died. Poe was born into poverty, he lived in poverty and he died in poverty. Poe wrote things that other writers found wicked. He wrote stories about human emotions in ways other than just being happy or in love. An example is â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart.† It was considered â€Å"too vulgar† by many, but it was a true problem with people that he had no problem talking about it. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† is an emotional description of a furious narrator who had heard a man’s persistent heartbeat, still beating, after he had killed him. It is a horror story told from a first-person point of view. This story is famous for showing that a short story can produce such an effect on the reader. Poe always believed that any great literature must create a union of effect on the reader. It has to tell truth and suggest emotions. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† re... ... too. Poe influenced artists such as The Beatles, Bauhaus, The Alan Parsons Project, The Cure and even Panic at the Disco! Poe was on the cover of The Beatles Sgt, Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. The Bauhaus have always had a dark tip to everything and anything they do. It is said that they definitely read â€Å"The Raven† in school. The Alan Parsons Project released a full album called, â€Å"Tales of Mystery and Imagination.† It was based off of Poe’s short stories and his poems. The Cure have always imparted a gothic romanticism in their music, they certainly took pages from Poe’s stories. Finally, Panic At The Disco may be very pop, punk, dance-dandy guys, but the way they dressed just screamed Edgar Allan Poe. For an author to be in a school curriculum, you do not have to just influence other writers. It is good to be able to inspire and influence all kind of people.

Incorrect Interpretation of the USA Patriot Act :: Politics

Incorrect Interpretation of the USA Patriot Act The USA Patriot Act is a legitimate law. It was rightly passed in light of the terrorist attacks on American ground. Americans have a right to be concerned about terrorism. However, the fear of the terrorists should not make Americans give up their way of life. Americans should not be forced to sacrifice what our country is proud of, including democracy and freedom of expression. In the case of the University of California San Diego (UCSD) administration banning the link to the terrorist website, the USA Patriot Act was interpreted incorrectly. Their decision to ban the hyperlink was a violation of freedom of speech. A link to a website should not be seen as communications equipment. Americans, obviously, have a right to be concerned about terrorists. In concern for the Americans’ own safety, the USA Patriot Act was passed with good reason. It should stay in effect and should not be modified. The terrorist attacks opened all Americans’ eyes and it was good to see that a law was actually passed to do something about it. The USA Patriot Act was passed in order to prevent Americans from supporting terrorists. It made it illegal to provide money, lodging, training or communications equipment to terrorists. An example of someone breaking this act would be John Walker Lynn. John Walker Lynn outraged many Americans and was one of the reasons why the USA Patriot Act was passed. This law would condemn future cases of John Walker Lynn. He is an American who joined the Taliban in the fight against the United States in Afghanistan. His case is currently in progress because there was no Patriot Act earlier when he did fight for the Taliban. He quickly became the American people’s favorite enemy. Many people argue that since UCSD owns the server which the students use for internet access, they have the right to restrict what the students do on their server. Some even make an argument that this is merely a property issue instead of a freedom of speech issue.

Analysing Adaptation of Sherlock According to Different Times Essay

The producers adapted a most suitable extent of sources after film come into the world ,it includes classic-novels from eighteenth-century to nineteenth- century ,horror film ,love story ,feature story and Dracula movie. The episodes Sherlock belongs to detective series and it is based on the great novel Sherlock Holmes which is written by Conan Doyle. This essay will demonstrates how the programme-makers adapt original novel to episode and widen people’s horizons about Sherlock Holmes in new century . Adaptation has draw critical notice for over sixty years and media often make comparison between a film and its original writer ,so the script of Sherlock is a big challenge for its writers Steven Moffat ,Mark Gatiss(who is acting as Mycroft Holmes ,the brother of Sherlock Holmes) and Steve Thompson. The extract I focus on is from 00:10:00 to 00:15: 00 in series 1 ,episode 3 ,Sherlock. And the name of this episode is called The Great Game which is originally called â€Å"The Five Orange Pips, one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fifth of the twelve stories in the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. † (Wallechinsky, D & Wallace, I 2012) Writers move Sherlock from Victorian era in 19th century to nowadays means that many details must be replaced by the changing of times. Like five orange pips has been shifted to five mobile rings in this abstract. Famous books have thought value and artistic charm through the veil of time. But they still have limitations according to specific writers and times. Thus writers should use modern view to take a new look at advantages and disadvantages of famous books in adaptation . On one hand ,the writers of Sherlock unearths inherent thought value and artistic value. On the other hands ,they work hardly to overcome all kinds of restrictions on account of history era or original writer. Initially ,The most successful and charming point in original works is the invention of deduction from Sherlock Holmes. For example, there is a deduction from Sherlock Holmes at 00:12:10 in extract . The most valuable and memorable thing in novel is that Sherlock Holmes can deduct a fact from very small details and writers of Sherlock inherit this treasure. This is how the writers of Sherlock unearths inherent thought value and artistic value. Secondly ,There are many cases of how writers break various of restrictions because of different ages. For instance, killers only can sent five orange pips as warning to the victim because the communication is not quite developed in victorian age. Furthermore ,technology is being gradually advanced today . Few of English familys have telephones at victorian time. The main communication tool is Telegram and letters at that time. so it is much convenient for criminal and Sherlock Holmes to have interaction. Like dialogue in the extract at 00:13:14 said that some secret societies used to send dried melon seeds, orange pips ,things like that-five pips. This is in order to keep up with the times and it has not distorted the original author’s intention but grasp the nature of original works. No matter five orange pips or five ringtones ,they both indicate that the murder is going to happen again . Here is another case in point is that the blog of John Waston replace John Waston’s diary in Sherlock. Like the dialogue in the extract at 00:12:28 ,Sherlock Holmes ask Lestrade: â€Å"Study in the Pink† ? You read his blog? And Lestrade answer that :Of course . we all do. The blog record the details of every single story about Sherlock Holmes, while the dairy need to be re-edit into a book in original work. And after published ,readers could read it , which means that readers have to wait for a long-term and need to pay for the book. However, the blog from DR. Waston could update everyday and the readers could scan blog free of charge. Criminal send a picture to Sherlock at 00:13:04 in extract. It conveys information more clearly because of new technology. The letter within 5 orange pips which was sent from different harbors in novel and it becomes the crime scene which criminal Moriarty told to Sherlock. Sherlock and Dr. Wasten go to visit police station by taxi at 00:11:01 in extract and they always go by carriage in original novel . This adaptation has improved the efficiency of solving a case. There is a scene of the home where Sherlock live in at the time of 00:10:48 in extract. The decoration of Sherlock’s home accord with the feature of Sherlock Holmes. Although there is no kerosene lamp in Sherlock ,it still depict a faithful figure of Sherlock Holmes ,not live in a too rustic or too modern place. Wang Liu said that â€Å"there are six styles of adaptation and each of them are transplant ,excerpts, concentrate ,comprehending means ,comprehending means flexible and compound. †(Wang, 2000,p. 359-361) Sherlock belongs to comprehending means ,in other word ,writers have inspiration from original works and rebuild the story but keep primary figures and scene in it. Sherlock is a faithful adaptation even if it is in different times. That is because it inherit inherent thought value and artistic value from original work. A faithful adaptation is not definitely faithful to original novels. They just should faithful to original theme ,the personalities of the characters and understanding of plot. â€Å"Holmes is tall and lean, with piercing eyes and a hawklike nose, because that is the way his friend and amanuensis ,Dr. John H. Watson, describes him in A Study in Scarlet, The first of the four short novels and fifty-six short stories in which Arthur Conan Doyle introduce him to the world. (Leitch, 2007 ,p. 208)The actor of Sherlock Holmes in Sherlock episode is Benedict who is suitable to Sherlock’s disposition. The only insufficient is that the episode has not represent another personality of Sherlock Holmes who is not only a consult detective but also a fighter who is skillful at various kinds of martial arts and is often the winner between fighting with criminals in novel. Sherlock Holmes is always in a weak position when fighting with criminals in episode. However, it violate the original ideal of Conan Doyle. To sum up, the writers of Sherlock comprehend the theme of original novel generally. Although they put Sherlock Holmes into modern life in 21st century, they unearths inherent thought value and artistic value and working hardly to break different restrictions in terms of original writers and times. The creative and succession should be approved ,but it still has a little bit flaw need to be correct. Overall, Sherlock belongs to comprehending means . It is a faithful adaptation because it is faithful to original theme ,the personalities of the characters and understanding of plot.

Wavelets are mathematical functions

AbstractionRipples are mathematical maps that cut up informations into different frequence constituents, and so analyze each constituent with a declaration matched to its graduated table. They have advantages over traditional Fourier methods in analysing physical state of affairss where the signal contains discontinuities and crisp spikes. Ripples were developed independently in the Fieldss of mathematics, quantum natural philosophies, electrical technology, and seismal geology. Interchanges between these Fieldss during the last 10 old ages have led to many new ripple applications such as image compaction, turbulency, human vision, radio detection and ranging, and temblor anticipation. This paper introduces ripples to the interested proficient individual outside of the digital signal processing field. I describe the history of ripples get downing with Fourier, compare ripple transforms with Fourier transforms, province belongingss and other particular facets of ripples, and Coating with some interesting applications such as image compaction, musical tones, and de-noising noisy informations.1. IntroductionA ripple is a wave-like oscillation with amplitude that starts out at zero, additions, and so decreases back to nothing. It can typically be visualized as a â€Å" brief oscillation † like one might see recorded Seismograph Or bosom proctor. Generally, ripples are purposefully crafted to hold specific belongingss that make them utile for signal processing. Ripples can be combined, utilizing a â€Å" displacement, multiply and amount † technique called whirl, with parts of an unknown signal to pull out information from the unknown signal. Wavelets provide an alternate attack to traditional signal processing techniques such as Fourier analysis for interrupting a signal up into its component parts. The drive drift behind ripple analysis is their belongings of being localised in clip ( infinite ) every bit good as graduated table ( frequence ) . This provides a time-scale map of a signal, enabling the extraction of characteristics that vary in clip. This makes wavelets an ideal tool for analyzing signals of a transient or non-stationary nature.2. HistoryThe development of ripples can be linked to several separate trains of idea, get downing with Haar ‘s work in the early twentieth century. Note worthy parts to wavelet theory can be attributed to Zweig ‘s find of the uninterrupted ripple transform in 1975 ( originally called the cochlear transform and discovered while analyzing the reaction of the ear to sound ) , Pierre Goupillaud, Grossmann and Morlet ‘s preparation of what is now known as the CWT ( 1982 ) , Jan-Olov Str & A ; ouml ; mberg ‘s early work on distinct ripples ( 1983 ) , Daubechies ‘ extraneous ripples with compact support ( 1988 ) , Mallat ‘s multiresolution model ( 1989 ) , Nathalie Delprat ‘s time-frequency reading of the CWT ( 1991 ) , Newland ‘s Harmonic ripple transform ( 1993 ) and many others since.First ripple ( Haar ripple ) by Alfred Haar ( 1909 )Since the 1970s: George Zweig, Jean Morlet, Alex GrossmannSince the 1980s: Yves Meyer, St & A ; eacute ; phane Mallat, Ingrid Daubechies, Ronald Coifman, Victor Wickerhauser3. WAVELET THEORYWavelet theory is applicable to several topics. All ripple transforms may b e considered signifiers of time-frequency representation for continuous-time ( parallel ) signals and so are related to harmonic analysis. Almost all practically utile distinct ripple transforms use discrete-time filter Bankss. These filter Bankss are called the ripple and scaling coefficients in ripples nomenclature. These filter Bankss may incorporate either finite impulse response ( FIR ) or infinite impulse response ( IIR ) filters. The ripples organizing a uninterrupted ripple transform ( CWT ) are capable to the uncertainness rule of Fourier analysis respective trying theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one can non delegate at the same time an exact clip and frequence response graduated table to that event. The merchandise of the uncertainnesss of clip and frequence response graduated table has a lower edge. Therefore, in the scale gm of a uninterrupted ripple transform of this signal, such an event marks an full part in the time-scale plane, alternatively of merely one point. Besides, distinct ripple bases may be considered in the context of other signifiers of the uncertainness rule. Wavelet transforms are loosely divided into three categories: uninterrupted, distinct and multiresolution-based. Above shown diagram shows all CWT ( Continuous Wavelet ) , DWT ( Discrete Wavelet ) . These all varies with the clip and degree and all graphs obtained are above shown.4. WAVELET TRANSFORMSThere are a big figure of ripple transforms each suited for different applications. For a full list see list of wavelet-related transforms but the common 1s are listed below:Continuous ripple transform ( CWT )Discrete ripple transform ( DWT )Fast ripple transform ( FWT )Raising strategyWavelet package decomposition ( WPD )Stationary ripple transform ( SWT )5. WAVELET PACKETSThe ripple transform is really a subset of a far more various transform, the ripple package transform. Wavelet packages are peculiar additive combinations of ripples. They form bases which retain many of the perpendicularity, smoothness, and localisation belongingss of their parent ripples. The coefficients in the additive combinations are computed by a recursive algorithm doing each freshly computed ripple package coefficient s equence the root of its ain analysis tree.6. WAVELETS IN MATLABWavelet Toolbox package extends the MATLAB proficient calculating environment with graphical tools and command-line maps for developing wavelet-based algorithms for the analysis, synthesis, denoising, and compaction of signals and images. Wavelet analysis provides more precise information about signal informations than other signal analysis techniques, such as Fourier. The Wavelet Toolbox supports the synergistic geographic expedition of ripple belongingss and applications. It is utile for address and sound processing, image and picture processing, biomedical imagination, and 1-D and 2-D applications in communications and geophysical sciences.7. WAVELETS VS FOURIER TRANSFORMEach and every thing in this universe comparable to it has some similarities and unsimilarities with that same is the instance with the ripples and Fourier transform. Ripples can be compared with the Fourier transform on the footing of their similarit ies and unsimilarities which are explained as follows. Assorted sorts of similarities and unsimilarities of ripples and Fourier transform are as follows.7.1 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMSThe fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) and the distinct ripple transform ( DWT ) are both additive operations that generate a information construction that containssegments of assorted lengths, normally make fulling and transforming it into a different informations vector of length. The mathematical belongingss of the matrices involved in the transforms are similar as good. The reverse transform matrix for both the FFT and the DWT is the transpose of the original. As a consequence, both transforms can be viewed as a rotary motion in map infinite to a different sphere. For the FFT, this new sphere contains footing maps that are sines and cosines. For the ripple transform, this new sphere contains more complicated footing maps called ripples, female parent ripples, or analysing ripple s. Both transforms have another similarity. The basic maps are localized in frequence, doing mathematical tools such as power spectra ( how much power is contained in a frequence interval ) and scale gms ( to be defined subsequently ) utile at picking out frequences and ciphering power distributions.7.2 DISSIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMSThe most interesting unsimilarity between these two sorts of transforms is that single ripple maps arelocalized in space.Fourier sine and cosine maps are non. This localisation characteristic, along with ripples ‘ localisation of frequence, makes many maps and operators utilizing ripples â€Å" thin † when transformed into the ripple sphere. This spareness, in bend, consequences in a figure of utile applications such as informations compaction, observing characteristics in images, and taking noise from clip series. One manner to see the time-frequency declaration differences between the Fourier transform and the rippl e transform is to look at the footing map coverage of the time-frequency plane. The square moving ridge window truncates the sine or cosine map to suit a window of a peculiar breadth. Because a individual window is used for all frequences in the WFT, the declaration of the analysis is the same at all locations in the time-frequency plane.8. WAVELET APPLICATIONSThere are assorted sorts of applications in the field of ripples which are as follows can be explained as followsComputer and Human VisionFBI Fingerprint CompressionDenoising Noisy DataMusical Tones8.1 COMPUTER AND HUMAN VISIONIn the early 1980s, David Marr began work at MIT ‘s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory on unreal vision for automatons. He is an expert on the human ocular system and his end was to larn why the first efforts to build a automaton capable of understanding its milieus were unsuccessful. Marr believed that it was of import to set up scientific foundations for vision, and that while making so ; one mus t restrict the range of probe by excepting everything that depends on preparation, civilization, and so on, and concentrate on the mechanical or nonvoluntary facets of vision. This low-level vision is the portion that enables us to animate the 3-dimensional organisation of the physical universe around us from the excitements that stimulate the retina. He so developed working algorithmic solutions to reply each of these inquiries. Marr ‘s theory was that image processing in the human ocular system has a complicated hierarchal construction that involves several beds of processing. At each treating degree, the retinal system provides a ocular representation that scales increasingly in a geometrical mode. His statements hinged on the sensing of strength alterations. He theorized that strength alterations occur at different graduated tables in an image, so that their optimum sensing requires the usage of operators of different sizes. He besides theorized that sudden strength altera tions produce a extremum or trough in the first derived function of the image. These two hypotheses require that a vision filter have two features: it should be a differential operator, and it should be capable of being tuned to move at any coveted graduated table. Marr ‘s operator was a ripple that today is referred to as a â€Å" Marr ripple. †8.2 FBI FINGERPRINT COMPRESSIONBetween 1924 and today, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation has collected about 30 million sets of fingerprints. The archive consists chiefly of inked feelings on paper cards. Facsimile scans of the feelings are distributed among jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, but the digitisation quality is frequently low. Because a figure of legal powers are experimenting with digital storage of the prints, mutual exclusivenesss between informations formats have late become a job. This job led to a demand in the condemnable justness community for a digitisation and a compaction criterion. In 1993, the FBI ‘s Criminal Justice Information Services Division developed criterions for fingerprint digitisation and compaction in cooperation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, commercial sellers, and condemnable justness communities. Let ‘s set the informations storage job in position. Fingerprint images are digitized at a declaration of 500 pels per inch with 256 degrees of gray-scale information per pel. A individual fingerprint is about 700,000 pels and demands about 0.6 Mbytes to hive away. A brace of custodies, so, requires about 6 Mbytes of storage. So digitising the FBI ‘s current archive would ensue in approximately 200 TBs of informations. ( Notice that at today ‘s monetary values of about $ 900 per Gbyte for hard-disk storage, the cost of hive awaying these uncompressed images would be about 200 million dollars. ) Obviously, informations compaction is of import to convey these Numberss down.8.3 DENOISING NO ISY DATAIn diverse Fieldss from planetal scientific discipline to molecular spectrometry, scientists are faced with the job of retrieving a true signal from uncomplete, indirect or noisy informations. Can wavelets assist work out this job? The reply is surely â€Å" yes, † through a technique called ripple shrinking and thresholding methods that David Donoho has worked on for several old ages. The technique works in the undermentioned manner. When you decompose a information set utilizing ripples, you use filters that act as averaging filters and others that produce inside informations. Some of the ensuing ripple coefficients correspond to inside informations in the information set. If the inside informations are little, they might be omitted without well impacting the chief characteristics of the information set. The thought of thresholding, so, is to put to zero all coefficients that are less than a peculiar threshold. These coefficients are used in an reverse ripple transm utation to retrace the information set. Figure 6 is a brace of â€Å" before † and â€Å" after † illustrations of a atomic magnetic resonance ( NMR ) signal. The signal is transformed, threshold and inverse-transformed. The technique is a important measure frontward in managing noisy informations because the denoising is carried out without smoothing out the crisp constructions. The consequence is cleaned-up signal that still shows of import inside informations. Fig.8.3.1 displays an image created by Donoho of Ingrid Daubechies ( an active research worker in ripple analysis and the discoverer of smooth orthonormal ripples of compact support ) , and so several close-up images of her oculus: an original, an image with noise added, and eventually denoised image. To denoise the image, Donoho:transformed the image to the ripple sphere utilizing Coiflets with three disappearing minutes,applied a threshold at two standard divergences, andInverse-transformed the image to the signal sphere.8.4 MUSICAL TONESVictor Wickerhauser has suggested that ripple packages could be utile in sound synthesis. His thought is that a individual ripple package generator could replace a big figure of oscillators. Through experimentation, a instrumentalist could find combinations of moving ridge packages that produce particularly interesting sounds. Wickerhauser feels that sound synthesis is a natural usage of ripples. Say one wishes to come close the sound of a musical instrument. A sample of the notes produced by the instrument could be decomposed into its ripple package coefficients. Reproducing the note would so necessitate recharging those coefficients into a ripple package generator and playing back the consequence. Transient features such as onslaught and decay- approximately, the strength fluctuations of how the sound starts and ends- could be controlled individually ( for illustration, with envelope generators ) , or by utilizing longer wave packages and encoding those belongingss every bit good into each note. Any of these procedures could be controlled in existent clip, for illustration, by a keyboard. Notice that the musical instrument could merely every bit good be a human voice, and the notes words or phonemes. A wavelet-packet-based music synthesist could hive away many complex sounds expeditiously becauseripple package coefficients, like ripple coefficients, are largely really little for digital samples of smooth signals ; andDiscarding coefficients below a predetermined cutoff introduces merely little mistakes when we are compacting the information for smooth signals.Similarly, a wave packet-based address synthesist could be used to retrace extremely tight address signals. Figure 8.4.1 illustrates a ripple musical tone or toneburst.9. ADVANTAGES OF WAVELET TRANSFORMATIONAdvantages of ripple transmutation are as follows which are discussed below.Space and Time Efficiency ( Low Complexity of DWT ) .Generality & A ; Adaptability ( Different Basis and Wavelet Functions ) .Multiresolution Properties ( Hierarchical Representation & A ; Manipulation ) .Adaptability of the Transformation ( Different Basis Functions let different Properties of the Transformation )Transformation is Hierarchical ( Multiresolution – Properties )Transformation is Loss-FreeEfficiency of the Transformation ( Linear Time and Space Complexity for Orthogonal Wavelets )Generalization of the Transformation ( Generalization of other Transformations )CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPEMost of basic ripple theory has been done. The mathematics has been worked out in tormenting item and ripple theory is now in the polish phase. The refinement phase involves generalisations and extensions of ripples, such as widening ripple package techniques. The hereafter of ripples lies in the as-yet chartless district ofapplications.Wavelet techniques have non been exhaustively worked out in applications such as practical information analysis, where for illustration discretely sampled time-series informations might necessitate to be analyzed. Such applications offer exciting avenues for geographic expedition. Basically after working on this term paper we came to cognize about the construct of the ripples its relation wi th the Fourier transform its advantages in shacking universe.Mentionswww.yahoo.com ( a truly friendly usher to ripples ) .www.google.com ( ripples ppt. ) .www.wikipedia.com ( ripples ) .www.google.com ( Seminar Report on ripples by ROBI POLIKAR )www.google.com ( applications of ripples ) .